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Maximum cable lengh for ethernet depends on what kind of ethernet you are talking about! Here are some details on the most popular kinds of ethernet. (UTP = unshielded twisted pair)
Gigabit Ethernet (over copper), 1000baseT
Fast Ethernet, 100baseT
Twisted Pair Ethernet, 10baseT
Thin Ethernet , 10 base 2
Thick Ethernet, 10 base 5
Ethernet to Fiber
When 100Meters is not enough distance, an Ethernet to fiber media converter can be placed on each end making the maximum distance something like 40Km(See the Example here ). Another use for fiber is electrical insulation. Some people like to run cables underground between s. If you run CAT5 cable, the s have different 'ground potentials' and you will burn out network card durring any electrical storm. The solution is fiber! Run fiber betweeen the s or run a pair of fiber converters on one end of the cable with a short fiber run. This will electrically separate the two s.
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